Coffee expert James Hoffman has demonstrated that stirring an espresso with a spoon is more effective than swirling it to mix the espresso layers. This is because the dark, thick liquid at the bottom of the espresso cup is the most concentrated and the top layer is the least flavorful. Hoffman tested this theory and concluded that stirring the espresso would create a drink with consistent flavour throughout.
I’ll have it stirred not swirled
I
